Based on the charge storage mechanism, batteries store and deliver energy through a Faradaic redox charge storage mechanism inside the internal structure of active materials on a bulk level, while electrochemical capacitors (ECs) perform through a non-Faradaic electrostatic interaction on a surface or near the surface of an electrode. Accordingly, a dilemma between charge storage capability (related to capacity) and charge storage kinetics (related to rate capability and efficiency) exists for most battery-like and EC-like materials and devices. In order to overcome this dilemma, we are pursuing in developing chemical strategies into hierarchical architecturing of electrodes and electrolytes for next generation batteries and ECs as follows.